![]() Cervical part: It begins opposite the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, at the level of the 6 th cervical vertebra. It begins as a lower continuation of the pharynx and ends at the cardiac end of the stomach. The esophagus is a long muscular tube about 10 inches long that extends through the neck, thorax, and abdomen. It is drained by the pharyngeal plexus of veins which drains into the internal jugular vein. Ascending palatine artery and tonsillar from facial.Mucous membrane of the laryngopharynx is supplied by the internal laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve.Mucous membrane of the oropharynx is supplied by the Glossopharyngeal nerve.Mucous membrane of the nasopharynx is supplied by the Maxillary nerve.Through the pharyngeal plexus (by cranial part of the accessory nerve) except the stylopharyngeas muscle which is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve. Branches of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (carrying fibres of the cranial accessory nerve).Pharynx is supplied mainly by the pharyngeal plexus which is composed of: ![]() A gap at the lower border of the inferior constrictor, It is pierced by: A gap laterally between the middle and inferior constrictors, This gap is closed by the thyrohyoid membrane, The structures passing through this gap are:ģ. The glossopharyngeal nerve passes forwards to the tongue.Ģ.Stylopharyngeus passing down to the pharynx.A gap laterally between the superior and middle constrictors, It gives passage to the following: The nerve supply of the mucous membrane of the piriform fossa is the internal laryngeal nerve. Lateral: Thyrohyoid membrane above and the lamina of the thyroid cartilage below.Medial: Aryepiglottic fold of the larynx.The Piriform fossa is a depression on each side of the inlet of the larynx, It has the following boundaries: 6) where it continues as the oesophagus, Its upper part lies behind the inlet of the larynx. It extends from the upper border of the epiglottis to the level of the cricoid cartilage (Level of C. Lymphatic drainage of the tonsil: Deep cervical lymph nodes (mainly the jugulo-digastric nodes). The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies the middle ear so the pain of tonsillitis refers to the ear. Twigs from a greater palatine artery (from maxillary).Ascending pharyngeal artery (from an external carotid artery).Lingual artery (from an external carotid artery).Ascending palatine artery (from a facial artery).Tonsillar artery (from a facial artery), which pierces the superior constrictor muscle.It is covered on its lateral surface by a capsule. The upper part of the medial surface has a deep intratonsillar cleft. Its surface is pitted by numerous small openings which lead into the tonsillar crypts. ![]() Its medial surface projects into the lumen of the oropharynx. They are two masses of lymphoid tissue in the lateral wall of the oropharynx. It also contains the palatopharyngeal arch (made by palatopharyngeus muscle covered by mucous membrane), Between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches, there is the palatine tonsil, Vallecula is the depression between the median and lateral glosso-epiglottic folds, It is supplied by the internal laryngeal nerve. It extends from the lower surface of the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis, It communicates anteriorly with the oral cavity through an opening called the oropharyngeal isthmus made by the palatoglossal arch on each side (each arch is made by palatoglossus muscle covered by mucous membrane).
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